FEMININE VALUES AND HAPPY LIFE-EXPECTANCY IN NATIONS

W. A. Arrindell and R. Veenhoven
Published in: Personality and Individual Differences, 2002, vol 33, pp. 803-813

ABSTRACT
Cross-national studies suggest that people live happier in nations where feminine values prevail, in particular in nations that are also economically affluent. The first objective of the present study was to replicate this finding with a final quality of life index which is more comprehensive than the usual measure of subjective well-being. This comprehensive indicator termed 'Happy life expectancy' (HLE) combines subjective happiness with objective longevity. As predicted, HLE was higher in nations where feminine values were strongly endorsed, and more so in rich (r= +0.51, n=14, P<0.05) than in poor nations (r= +0.27, n=13, NS). A second objective was to examine the mechanisms behind this relationship. Contrary to expectation, the findings could not be explained by national differences in private freedom

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