Ruut Veenhoven, Erasmus University Rotterdam and Utrecht University, The Netherlands,
Journal of Happiness Studies, 2001, vol 2, pp.111-136
ABSTRACT
Since the 1980s, several polls in Russia included questions about happiness. The responses
to these questions were quite similar. Average happiness was low in comparison to other
nations and declined over time. Ten years after the fall of communism Russians are less
happy than during the communist period.
There are doubts about the validity of these self-reports. One source
of doubt is that these data may not reflect Russians self-appraisals adequately, due to
distortions in translation and a differential response bias. A second misgiving is that
true discontent could be rather superficial, and be largely due to unfavorable comparison
with the West and folklore of negativism.
These qualms are checked in this article. It appears that the Russians
are as unhappy as they say they are, and that they have good reasons to be so. The current
unhappiness is not due to the Russian national character, but has more to do with the
troublesome transitions taking place in Russian society.